Acacia argyrodendron

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Authority Domin. Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 2581

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONA tree normally reaching a height of 12-15 m but can reach up to 20 m and have a well shaped, straight trunk.  USES Can be used as cattle and sheep fodder. The wood can be utilized as firewood, charcoal, posts, poles, and rail material. The tree can be used for shelter erosion control, and menity plantings. GROWING PERIOD Perennial. Withstanding a dry period of 4-6 months. COMMON NAMES Black gidyea, Blackwood. FURTHER INF Black gidyea occurs in northeastern Australia at latitudes between 20-24°S and at elevations from 150-350 m. It is mainly found on gently undulating country and plains.
Sources
Grassland Index Turnbull J 1986 pp 104-105 [TEMP, KTMP, RAIN, DRA, DEP, TEXT, PH, FER, USE]

Acacia anticeps

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Authority Tind Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 2580

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION A fast-growing shrubby tree reaching a height of 3.5-7 m.  GROWING PERIOD Long-lived perennial. COMMON NAMES Acacia anticeps. FURTHER INF The tree occur in the semi-arid and arin parts of northwestern Austalia. It coppice and root-sucker freely.
Sources
SOURCES House A 1991 pp 6-7 & 24 [TEMP, RAIN, DRA, KTMP, TEXT, DEP, SAL, USE]

Acacia angustissima

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Authority Family Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 126290

Notes
DESCRIPTION:  A thornless shrub or small tree, 2ˆ7 m high with a single short trunk. Leaves bipinnate, predominantly asymmetric with a displaced mid-vein, 10ˆ25 cm long, with 10ˆ20 pairs of pinnae. Inflorescences ellipsoidal with whitish heads 1ˆ1.5 cm in diameter, turning pinkish to dull orange when dry. Pods very thin-walled, papery, oblong , 3ˆ6 cm long and 6ˆ9 mm wide, with straight or sinuate margins, initially green, turning coffee-brown when ripe. USE: As a dry season forage and green manure. GROWING PERIOD: Perennial. COMMON NAMES: Chisos prairie acacia, Shreve’s prairie acacia. FURTHER INF: Grows naturally on free-draining acid soils. Adapted to a wide range of soils including vertisols of slightly alkaline pH. In the native range, annual rainfall varies from 800ˆ3000 mm. Withstands moderate periods of drought , retaining its leaf through the 8-month dry season in eastern Indonesia. It grows naturally from near sea level to 2800 m in environments where mean temperatures range from 25ˆ30°C. Shows better growth potential at the higher elevations and moderate temperatures. It tolerates cold climates once established (occasional temperatures below freezing). May have moderate shade tolerance being native to oak/pine forests.
Sources
Tropical forages 2005.

Acacia aneura

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Authority F. Muell. Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Acacia brachystachya, Acacia cibaria Common names Mulga, Yarran, Umbrella mulga, Turpentine Mulga Editor Ecocrop code 2579

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION  Varies from a shrub 2-5 m tall, with markedly ascending branches in dry areas, to a small tree up to 9-15 m, with a well-defined main stem but less oblique branches in areas of higher rainfall. USES Can be utilized as fodder, and for erosion control, shelter or as an ornamentel. The wood can be used as fuel and fence posts. The seeds are edible. GROWING PERIOD Perennial. COMMON NAMES Mulga. FURTHER INF Mulga has a very wide distribution in central, eastern and western Australia. In Australia, the latitudinal range of Mulga is 18-34°S and it occurs at elevations between sea level and 1000 m. Mulga usually grows on flood and erosional plains, in broad vally heads and sand dunes. It is nitrogen fixing.
Sources
Grassland Index Boland D 1984 pp 152-153 [TEMP, KTMP, RAIN, TEXT, DEP, DRA, FER, USE] House A 1991 pp 8-9 [TEMP, RAIN, DRA, KTMP, TEXT, DEP, SAL, USE] Turnbull J 1986 pp 100-103 [TEMP, RAIN, KTMP, TEXT, DEP, SAL, PH, FER, USE]

Acacia ancistrocarpa

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Authority Maid. Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Fish hook wattle Editor Ecocrop code 2578

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONA multi-stemmed shrub reaching a height of 2-4 m and sometimes up to 8 m. USES Can be used for firewood, erosion control, and low shelter. GROWING PERIOD Perennial withstanding a dry season of 7-9 months. COMMON NAMES Fritzroy wattle, Pindan wattle. FURTHER INF Fritzroy wattle is common dry sandy and stony soils in northern central and northwestern Australia. It occur within the lattudinal range 16-25°S at elevations between sea level and 500 m. It can be found on a range of topographical situations including coastal plains, ironstone ridges, stony hills, watercourses and alluvial drainage lines. It is nitrogen fixing.
Sources
SOURCES (A. ancistrocarpa Maiden & Blakely) Turnbull J 1986 pp 98-99 [TEMP, RAIN, TEXT, DRA, PH, FER, USE] House A 1991 pp 8-9 & 24-25 [TEMP, RAIN, DRA, KTMP, TEXT, DEP, SAL, USE]

Acacia ampliceps

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Authority B.R. Maslin Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Salt wattle Editor Ecocrop code 2576

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION  A shrub or small tree reaching a height of 2-8 m. USES The wood can be used for posts, poles, and fuel. The tree are browsed by cattle, and it can be used for dune rehabilitation on rocky coastal sites an reclamation of salt-effected sites and as a low windbreak. GROWING PERIOD Fast-growing perennial. It withstands dry periods of 5-9 months. COMMON NAMES Salt wattle, Jila jila bush, Nyarlka. FURTHER INF Salt wattle occur in northwestern Australia at latitudes between 14-26°S and elevations from sea level to 400 m. It can be found on plains, sand dunes, along drainage lines or on low-lying or hilly country where it often occur in topographical situations where it recieves additional water. It is tolerant of alkaline, highly saline and waterlogged conditions.
Sources
Grassland Index House A 1992 pp 6-7 & 23-24 [RAIN, DRA, KTMP, TEXT, DEP, PH, USE] Turnbull J 1986 pp 96-97 [TEMP, KTMP, RAIN, TEXT, DRA, FER, USE]

Acacia ammobia

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Authority Macconochie Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 2575

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION  A small tree with one or several stems reaching a height of 3-6 m. USES The wood can be used as posts, poles, rail material, and fuelwood or charcoal. The tree can be used for soil stabilisation, low open shelter and windbreak, and ornamental planting. GROWING PERIOD Perennial. COMMON NAMES Acacia ammobia. FURTHER INF Acacia ammobia has a limited natural distribution in central Australia between latitudes 23-26°S at elevations between 450-600 m. It occur on sand dunes and in sandy areas with scattered sandstone or less commonly on stony ridges and hills. It is killed by fire but will normally regenerate from seeds in the ground.
Sources
SOURCES (A. ammobia Macconochie) Turnbull J 1986 pp 94-95 [TEMP, KTMP, RAIN, TEXT, FER, DEP, USE, LIMITS] House A 1991 pp 8-9 [TEMP, RAIN, DRA, KTMP, TEXT, DEP, SAL, USE]

Acacia acuminata

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Authority Benth. Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Raspberry jam wattle, Raspberry Jam Wood Editor Ecocrop code 2570

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION  A large bush shrub or a small tree reaching 3-5 m or 10 m in height. The trunk is 1-2.5 m tall and it divides into numerous fine spreading erect branches. Heartwood very hard and dense. USES The wood is durable in the ground and is used for round fencing material. It is also used for ornamental articles, machine bearings and sheave blocks. GROWING PERIOD Perennial. COMMON NAMES Rasberry jam, Jam. FURTHER INF In Australia, the latitudinal range of the tree is 27-35°S and it occur at elevations between sea level and 400 m, with the main occurence between 125-325 m. Rasberry jam is commonly found on gently undulating topography.
Sources
SOURCES (Acacia acuminata Benth.) Boland D 1984 pp 150-151 [TEMP, KTMP, RAIN, TEXT, DRA, FER, USE]

Acacia acradenia

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Authority F. Muell. Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 2569

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION A spreading, open multistemmed shrub reaching a height of up to 2-5 m.  GROWING PERIOD Moderately fast-growing perennial. COMMON NAMES Acacia acradenia. FURTHER INF Acacia acradenia occur in the warm to hot, semi-arid to arid zones in northern and central Australia.
Sources
SOURCES House A 1991 pp 8-9 & 21 [TEMP, RAIN, DRA, KTMP, TEXT, DEP, SAL, USE]

Acacia abyssinica

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Authority Family Magnoliopsida:Rosidae:Fabales:Leguminosae Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 11776

Notes
DESCRIPTION: It is a large, flat-topped, deciduous tree reaching up to 20 m in height. The bark is dark, rough and brown. Thorns very variable, short or long, sometimes none. Leaves are feathery, leaflets very small, sometimes glands at leaf base. Flowers are numerous heads of round cream flowers, buds pink. Fruits are up to 12 cm, straight or curved pods, splitting open.   USE: Fuelwood, charcoal, poles, posts, medicine, fodder, bee-forage, shade, ornamental, nitrogen-fixing. Good for degraded land and along gullies. Not recommended around homesteads since branches tend to fall off. GROWING PERIOD: Perennial. COMMON NAMES: Umbrella thorn. FURTHER INF: It is well distributed, particularly in western Kenya and can be found in wooded grassland and highland edges at elevations between 1200-2300 m. It is drought tolerant.
Sources
(12.07.02) E11776

Abutilon theophrasti

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Authority Medicus Family Magnoliopsida:Dilleniidae:Malvales:Malvaceae Synonyms Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusby, Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. nom. illeg., Sida abutilon L. Common names China jute, velvetleaf, velvet leaf, butter-print, pie-marker, piemarker, Indian mallow, Chinese lantern, malva blanca, malva de terciopelo, malva grande, yute de la China, jute de Chine, Lindenblättrige Schönmalve, Chinesische Jute, Chinesischer Hanf, Iuta cinese, swamp Chinese lantern, butterprint velvetleaf, chingma lantern, pie maker, buttonweed, butter print, velvet weed, Indian hemp, cotton weed, wild cotton, flower of an hour Editor Ecocrop code 11067

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION A herb. USES It is grown as a fiber crop. The soft fiber obtained from the stems is blended with other fibers or used alone to produce sacks, ropes, and fishnets.   GROWING PERIOD Annual, growing 75-140 days. COMMON NAMES China jute, Canapina, Ching-ma, Paima, Zaslazu, Ichibi, Indian mallow, Butterprint, Velvet leaf, American jute, Kanatik jute, Kanatnik, Tientsin jute. FURTHER INF Scientific synonym: A. avicennae. China jute is native of China. In Russia in can be grown north to 56°N. It can become a weed in row-crop culture. Average production of green plants is about 12 t/ha, yielding 1.8-2.4 t/ha of dry retted fiber.
Sources
SOURCES (Abutilon theopharasti Medic) Duke J 1979 pp 104 Roecklein J 1987 pp 118 [USE, DRA, TEXT, LIMIT] Dempsey J 1975 pp 397-413 [RAIN, TEMP, DRA, TEXT, FER, Rehm S 1991 pp 356 [USE] Kirby R 1963 pp 140-144 [USE, TEMP]

Abroma augustum

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Authority (L.) L.f. Family Magnoliopsida:Dilleniidae:Malvales:Sterculiaceae Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 2561

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION A little branched shrub or small tree under cultivation often 2-3.5 m tall, while growing wild it may reach up to 10 m, with a 1.5 m deep root system.   USES The fiber is used for fish nets, washing lines, and false hair. The plant is also grown for soil reclamation. GROWING PERIOD Long-lived perennial. For high quality fiber it should be harvested when the flowers blossom after 100-120 days of growth. COMMON NAMES Perennial Indian hemp, Ramia sengat, Ambong, Annabo, Annabong, Anfu. FURTHER INF Scientific synonym: A. fastuosa. Perennial Indian hemp is native of India and widespread in South East Asia. It can be found at elevations between sea level and 1200 m.It is commonly found in tufts or tickets, often seeming to prefer the edges of forests and clearings or the banks of watercourses. It thrives in high humidity and is not suitable for areas with a marked dry season. (pH estimated by the compiler).
Sources
SOURCES (Abroma augustum (L.) L.f.) Rehm S 1991 pp 357 [USE, FER] Kirby R 1963 pp 193-198 [FER, TEXT, DEP, DRA, TEMP, RAIN, LIG, USE]

Abies pindrow

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Authority Spach. Family Pinopsida:Pinaceae Synonyms Common names Editor Ecocrop code 2558

Notes
SOURCES Troup R 1921 pp 1133-1142 [TEMP, DRA, DEP, FER, RAIN, TEMP, USE, LIG, KTMP, LIMITS]  GROWING PERIOD Perennial evergreen tree. Can be grown for hardwood with a rotation of 150 years. COMMON NAMES West Himalayan fir, West Himalayan low-level silver fir, Paludar, Rewar, Tos, Rai, Pindrau, Rau, Kalrai, Span, Krok, Morinda, Ragha. FURTHER INF West Himalayan fir can become up to 60-70 m tall. In the western Himalayan, it can be found at elevations between 2500 and 4000 m. It is best adapted to cool and moist conditions and is often found on northern aspects. It avoids dry, shallow soils. It is a shade bearer and young trees can survive many years under fairly heavy shade. Trees can be thrown by high winds and should be grown in sheltered situations.
Sources

Abies concolor

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Authority (Gord. & Glend.) Lindley ex Hildebr. Family Pinopsida:Pinaceae Synonyms Common names white fir, California white fir, Rocky Mountain white fir Editor Ecocrop code 2553

Notes
DESCRIPTION: It is a relatively slow growing large coniferous tree reaching 45-55 m in height and (1-2 m) dbh, but may grow larger. It may reach ages of 300-400 years. Bark on young trunks is smooth, gray and blistered with resin vesicles, becoming thick, hard and deeply furrowed into scaly ridges with age. It has a narrow, cylindrical, almost spire-like to slightly broader crown. The branches are short and stout, with leaves 3-7 cm long and generally curved upward. The rooting habit is usually fairly shallow. USE: The wood is used extensively for solid construction framing and plywood, and to a lesser extent, for pulpwood. It is not a good firewood but is used as such anyway. The tree is a good soil stabilizer and may be particularly useful on roadcuts. It is a valuable ornamental tree. It is often used for ornamental plantings in rural and urban landscapes in northern U.S. cities, because it is attractive and frost-hardy. It is not, however, very tolerant of air pollution and therefore seems best suited for suburbs or rural areas. It is used extensively in the Christmas tree industry. Native Americans used the needles for tea. GROWING PERIOD: Perennial. COMMON NAMES: white fir, California white fir, Rocky Mountain white fir. Synonyms: Abies lowiana (Gordon) A. Murray. FURTHER INF: Its native range extends from the mountainous regions of the Pacific coast to central Colorado, and from central Oregon and south-eastern Idaho to northern Mexico. The upper latitudinal limit may coincide with a mean maximum January temperature of about -1°C. It is sensitive to both frost damage and, occasionally sun scald. It grows from canyon bottoms and ravines up to ridgetops on gentle, moderate, and steep slopes of all aspects. It develops best on gentle slopes and level ground. It is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, nutrient availability and pH values.
Sources
FIES (Fire Effects Information)

Abies balsamea

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Authority (L.) Miller Family Pinopsida:Pinaceae Synonyms Common names Balsam Fir, Gilead Fir, Fir Balsam, Fir Pine, Sapin, Silver Fir, Silver Pine, Balm of Gilead Tree, Canada Balsam Editor Ecocrop code 2551

Notes
DESCRIPTION: It is needle leaf, evergreen tree reaching up to 20 m in height. Bark brown, broken into scaly plates with resin-filled pockets. Leaves dark green, linear, sessile, spiral in origin, but twisted at base to form two ranks, persisting many years. Mature cones nearly cylindrical, 3ˆ8.5 cm long by 2ˆ3 cm thick, dark purple when growing. USE: The wood is light in weight, relatively soft, low in shock resistance and has good splitting resistance, it is primarily used as pulpwood, lumber and firewood. Minor uses include paneling, crates, and other products not requiring high structural strength. The tree provides food or cover for some animals and both food and cover for others. Oleoresin from the bark is used as a medium for mounting microscopic specimens and as a cement for various parts of optical systems. It is also used in the manufacture of medicinal compounds and spirit varnishes. GROWING PERIOD: Perennial. COMMON NAMES: Balsam fir. FURTHER INF: It grows best in the eastern part of its range in south-eastern Canada and the north-eastern United States. This area is characterized by cool temperatures and abundant moisture. It grows on a wide range of inorganic and organic soils originating from glaciation and generally falling within the acid Spodosol, Inceptisol, and Histosol soil orders. These are characterized by a thick mor humus and a well-defined A2 horizon, usually gray in appearance because of leaching, and commonly caused by abundant rainfall, cool climate, and coniferous cover. Many of the glacial till soils in New England are shallow and have a compact layer about 46 cm below the surface.
Sources
SOURCE: NewCrop Database (24.07.02) E2551