ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

ธันวาคม 1, 2010

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,Front Cover

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

——————————

* Front Cover.
* Table of Contents.
* About the book and the authors.
* Acknowledgements.
* List of scientific names for species mentioned in the text.
* Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations.
* Summary.
* 1. Introduction.
* 2. Micronutrients in soil.
* 3. Micronutrients in plants, animals and humans.
* 4. Benefits of using micronutrient fertilisers.
* 5. Types of micronutrient fertiliser products: advantages and disadvantages of the different types.
* 6. Application strategies.
* 7. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for micronutrients.
* 8. Current research and development trends.
* 9. Micronutrient market.
* 10. Policy and regulatory context of micronutrient use.
* 11. Conclusions and recommendations.
* 12. References.
* 13. Plates on micronutrient defi ciency symptoms.
* Last Page.

The authors

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

The publisher

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

Table of Contents

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

——————————

* Front Cover.
* Table of Contents.
* About the book and the authors.
* Acknowledgements.
* List of scientific names for species mentioned in the text.
* Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations.
* Summary.
* 1. Introduction.
* 2. Micronutrients in soil.
* 3. Micronutrients in plants, animals and humans.
* 4. Benefits of using micronutrient fertilisers.
* 5. Types of micronutrient fertiliser products: advantages and disadvantages of the different types.
* 6. Application strategies.
* 7. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for micronutrients.
* 8. Current research and development trends.
* 9. Micronutrient market.
* 10. Policy and regulatory context of micronutrient use.
* 11. Conclusions and recommendations.
* 12. References.
* 13. Plates on micronutrient defi ciency symptoms.
* Last Page.

 

Table of Contents

About the book and the authors vii

Acknowledgements viii

List of scientifi c names for species mentioned in the text ix

Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations xi

Summary xv

1.Introduction 1

Impact of micronutrient defi ciency 3

Area of impact 4

2. Micronutrients in soil 9

Biogeochemical cycling of micronutrients 9

Soil solution 10Soil minerals 11

Organic matter 12

Precipitation-dissolution reactions 13

Redox reactions 13Sorption-desorption reactions 14

Crop removal 14

Erosion 16

Leaching 16

Modelling biogeochemical cycling 18

Soil classifi cation and micronutrient defi ciencies 18

Evaluation of the status of micronutrients in soils 20

Forms and availability in soils 22

Rhizosphere processes 24

Topsoil vs sub-soil levels of micronutrients 26

Additional reading 27

Table of Contents

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

 

3. Micronutrients in plants, animals and humans 29

Boron 30

Functions 30

Requirements 31

Deficiency symptoms 31

Copper 32

Functions 32

Requirements 32

Deficiency symptoms 33

Iron 33

Functions 33

Requirements 34

Deficiency symptoms 35

Manganese 36

Functions 36

Requirements 36

Deficiency symptoms 37

Molybdenum 37

Functions 37

Requirements 38

Deficiency symptoms 38

Zinc 38

Functions 38

Requirements 39

Deficiency symptoms 40

Other micronutrients 40

Additional reading 41

4. Benefits of using micronutrient fertilisers 43

Field crops 43

Vegetables and horticulture 46

Forestry 47

Seed quality 48

Disease resistance 49

Chilling and freezing injury 50

Human health 51

Additional reading 51

Table of Contents

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

 

5. Types of micronutrient fertiliser products: advantages anddisadvantages of the different types 53

Chemical and physical nature of products 53

Straight micronutrient products 53

NPK fertilisers with micronutrients 56

Liquid mixes 57

Chelated and enhanced micronutrients 58

Fritted and slow-release products 59

Efficacy comparison: uptake via foliage, uptake from soil 60

Appropriateness for different crop types 62

Appropriateness for different production systems 62

Comparison of relative costs and benefi ts 63

Environmental impacts 64

Additional reading 66

6. Application strategies 67

Fertiliser fortifi cation 67

Blended fertilisers 68

Fluid fertilisers 68

Compound fertilisers 68

Controlled-release fertilisers 69

Foliar spray 70

Fertigation 73

Hydroponics 74

Seed treatment 75

Other methods 75

Additional reading 75

7. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for micronutrients 77

Alleviation of other limiting factors 78

Residual effectiveness of added micronutrients 79

Nutrient budgets 82

Soil and plant analysis 84

Species and cultivar differences in micronutrient effi ciency 93

Human and animal nutrition 95

Additional reading 95

Table of Contents

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

 

8. Current research and development trends 97

New products 97

Distribution of micronutrient products to small farmers 98

Interaction of micronutrients with pesticides and herbicides 99

Role of micronutrients in maximising benefi ts from high productivity landuse 100

Defi ning areas of low micronutrient status in soils 101

The link between crop micronutrient supply and human health 102

Interactions between micronutrient status of crops and the growingenvironment 103

Micronutrient-effi cient cultivars 104

Planning for the future 105

Additional reading 107

9. Micronutrient market 109

Factors affecting micronutrient market potential 109

Micronutrient consumption 115

Potential market 118

Additional reading 122

10. Policy and regulatory context of micronutrient use 123

Agriculture and food policies 123

Environmental policies 125

Non-nutritive trace elements in fertilisers 125

Use of sewage sludge and industrial by-products as micronutrient sources 126

Regulations on micronutrient fertilisers 127

Fertiliser registration and quality standards 128

11. Conclusions and recommendations 131

12. References 139

13. Plates on micronutrient defi ciency symptoms 167

About the book and the authors

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

——————————

* Front Cover.
* Table of Contents.
* About the book and the authors.
* Acknowledgements.
* List of scientific names for species mentioned in the text.
* Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations.
* Summary.
* 1. Introduction.
* 2. Micronutrients in soil.
* 3. Micronutrients in plants, animals and humans.
* 4. Benefits of using micronutrient fertilisers.
* 5. Types of micronutrient fertiliser products: advantages and disadvantages of the different types.
* 6. Application strategies.
* 7. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for micronutrients.
* 8. Current research and development trends.
* 9. Micronutrient market.
* 10. Policy and regulatory context of micronutrient use.
* 11. Conclusions and recommendations.
* 12. References.
* 13. Plates on micronutrient defi ciency symptoms.
* Last Page.

 

About the book and the authors

This book is written for practitioners and stakeholders in the fertiliser industry and forpolicy makers whose decisions may impact on the use of micronutrients in agriculture,horticulture and forestry. The aim of the book is to:

• Explain the growing importance of micronutrients in balanced fertilisation;

• Consider the micronutrient fertiliser types that are currently available and how tobest use them;

• Assess the current market and prospects for micronutrient fertilisers; and

• Discuss the policy, regulatory and quality control framework needed to maximize thebenefi ts from using micronutrient fertilisers.

Richard Bell

Richard Bell is Professor in Sustainable Land Management at the School of EnvironmentalSciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia. Richard Bell is a soil fertility and landmanagement specialist with lecturing and research experience in Australia, Bangladesh,Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. His particularinterests are in plant nutrition on problem soils, diagnosis and prognosis of mineraldisorders of plants, plant adaption to mineral stress, crop nutrient management,rehabilitation of degraded land, sustainable land use and agricultural development indeveloping countries.

Richard Bell is the author of 130 peer reviewed papers and editoror author of nine books. Much of his published work has been on micronutrients inplant and crop nutrition, with contributions to boron nutrition of crops and plants most noteworthy from this work. He has co-edited three volumes on boron in soils and plantsand co-authored several review papers on boron. He is the supervisor of eight currentand 29 completed PhD and Masters students.

Bernard Dell

Bernard Dell is Professor and Head of Plant Sciences at the School of BiologicalSciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia. His research inplant nutrition has been undertaken with many colleagues and graduate students inAustralia, East and South-east Asia over the past 25 years. His research has encompassedestablishment of visual symptoms of deficiency, setting critical values for diagnosis of deficiency, correction of micronutrient and macronutrient deficiencies in the field,improving fertiliser use efficiency by inoculation with beneficial soil organisms,improving the micronutrient density of seed, and studies on micronutrient function inplant development.

Bernard Dell has studied a wide range of crop types, including grain legumes, cereals, oil crops and industrial tree crops. He has written approximately 200 scientific journal articles, a number of books and book chapters. He regularly consultsfor the plantation sector on all matters affecting the health of perennial crops. The most frequent constraint to productivity that he encounters in the field is the lack of application of micronutrient fertilisers.

Acknowledgements

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

——————————

* Front Cover.
* Table of Contents.
* About the book and the authors.
* Acknowledgements.
* List of scientific names for species mentioned in the text.
* Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations.
* Summary.
* 1. Introduction.
* 2. Micronutrients in soil.
* 3. Micronutrients in plants, animals and humans.
* 4. Benefits of using micronutrient fertilisers.
* 5. Types of micronutrient fertiliser products: advantages and disadvantages of the different types.
* 6. Application strategies.
* 7. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for micronutrients.
* 8. Current research and development trends.
* 9. Micronutrient market.
* 10. Policy and regulatory context of micronutrient use.
* 11. Conclusions and recommendations.
* 12. References.
* 13. Plates on micronutrient defi ciency symptoms.
* Last Page.

 

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the International FertilizerIndustry Association (IFA) with the preparation of the manuscript. They further acknowledge the contribution of Ms Angela Bunoan-Olegario and Mr Patrick Heff er(IFA) for assembling the market and policy information reported in Chapters 9 and 10 after surveying members of IFA internationally; the valuable reviews and careful editingof the penultimate draft s provided by Dr John Mortvedt and Mr Graham Price; andassistance provided by Dr Yashpal and Mr Harry Eslick in gathering relevant referencesfor review. Ms Janet Box assisted in checking citation of references and final proofs.

List of scientific names for species

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

——————————

* Front Cover.
* Table of Contents.
* About the book and the authors.
* Acknowledgements.
* List of scientific names for species mentioned in the text.
* Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations.
* Summary.
* 1. Introduction.
* 2. Micronutrients in soil.
* 3. Micronutrients in plants, animals and humans.
* 4. Benefits of using micronutrient fertilisers.
* 5. Types of micronutrient fertiliser products: advantages and disadvantages of the different types.
* 6. Application strategies.
* 7. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for micronutrients.
* 8. Current research and development trends.
* 9. Micronutrient market.
* 10. Policy and regulatory context of micronutrient use.
* 11. Conclusions and recommendations.
* 12. References.
* 13. Plates on micronutrient defi ciency symptoms.
* Last Page.

List of scientific names for speciesmentioned in the text

Common name  [Scientific name]

Plant species

Almond  [Amygdalus communis]

Apple  [Malus domestica]

Astragulus  [Astragulus sinicus]

Avocado [Persea americana]

Barley [Hordeum vulgare]

Bean [Phaseolus vulgaris]

Bell pepper [Capsicum annuum]

Black gram [Vigna mungo]

Bluegum [Eucalyptus globulus]

Broccoli [Brassica oleracea var. italica]

Brussel sprouts  [Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera]

Cabbage  [Brassica oleracea var. capitata]

Canola  [Brassica napus]

Cassava  [Manihot esculenta]

Cauliflower  [Brassica oleracea var. botrytis]

Chickpea  [Cicer arietinum]

Clover  [Trifolium subterraneum/Trifolium repens]

Coffee  [Coffea arabica/Coffea canephora]

Corn/maize  [Zea mays]

Cotton [Gossypium hirsutum]

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata]

Cucumber [Cucumis sativus]

Durum wheat [Triticum durum]

Flax/linseed [Linum usitatissimum]

Grape [Vitis vinifera]

Green gram [Vigna radiata]

Kiwi [Actinidia deliciosa]

Lentil [Lens culinaris]

Lettuce [Lactuca sativa]

Lucerne/alfalfa [Medicago sativa]

Mango [Mangifera indica]

Mung bean/green gram [Vigna radiata]

Mustard [Brassica juncea]

Narrow-leaf  lupin [Lupinus angustifolius]

List of scientific names for species

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

 

Nectarine [Prunus persica]

Norway spruce [Picea abies]

Oat [Avena sativa]

Oil palm [Elaeis guineensis]

Olive [Olea europea]

Orange [Citrus sinensis]

Pea [Pisum sativum]

Peanut [Arachis hypogaea]

Pears [Pyrus communis]

Pecan [Carya illinoensis]

Pomelo [Citrus maxima]

Potato [Solanum tuberosum]

Rapeseed/oilseed rape [Brassica napus]

Rice [Oryza sativa]

Roses [Rosa spp.]

Rutabaga [Brassica napobrassica]

Rye [Secale cereale]

Sorghum [Sorghum vulgare]

Soybean [Glycine max]

Spinach [Spinacia oleracea]

Strawberry [Fragaria vesca]

Sugar beet [Beta vulgaris]

Sugar cane [Saccharum officinale]

Sunflower [Helianthus annuus]

Thale cress [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum]

Tomato [Lycopersicum esculentum]

Wheat [Triticum aestivum]

 

Animal species

Cattle  [Bos taurus]

Frog  [Xenophus laevis]

Goat  [Capra aegagrus hircus]

Pig  [Sus scrofa domestica]

Poultry (chicken) [Gallus gallus]

Rat [Rattus norvegicus]

Sheep [Ovis aries]

Zebrafish [Danio rerio]

Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

——————————

* Front Cover.
* Table of Contents.
* About the book and the authors.
* Acknowledgements.
* List of scientific names for species mentioned in the text.
* Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations.
* Summary.
* 1. Introduction.
* 2. Micronutrients in soil.
* 3. Micronutrients in plants, animals and humans.
* 4. Benefits of using micronutrient fertilisers.
* 5. Types of micronutrient fertiliser products: advantages and disadvantages of the different types.
* 6. Application strategies.
* 7. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for micronutrients.
* 8. Current research and development trends.
* 9. Micronutrient market.
* 10. Policy and regulatory context of micronutrient use.
* 11. Conclusions and recommendations.
* 12. References.
* 13. Plates on micronutrient defi ciency symptoms.
* Last Page.

 

Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations (as used in this book)

Acronyms

AAPFCO  [Association for American Plant Food Control Officials]

ANDA  [Associação Nacional para Difusão de Adubos (Brazilianfertilizer industry association)]

AFSA  [Australian Fertiliser Services Association]

CEN  [European Committee for Standardization]

CIMMYT  [International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre]

EEC  [European Economic Community]

EU  [European Union]

FAO  [Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations]

FIFA  [Fertiliser Industry Federation of Australia]

ICA  [International Copper Association]

IFA  [International Fertilizer Industry Association]

IFDC  [International Fertilizer Development Center]

IFPRI  [International Food Policy Research Institute]

ISRIC  [World Soil Information]

ISSS  [International Soil Science Society]

IZA  [International Zinc Association]

IZiNCG  [International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group]

MAFF  [Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests]

NASAA  [National Association for Sustainable Agriculture Australia]

SDA  [Secretariat of Agribusiness Defense, Brazil]

TFI  [The Fertilizer Institute]

UNIDO  [United Nations Industrial Development Organization]

USEPA  [United States Environmental Protection Agency]

USFNB  [United States Food and Nutrition Board]

WHO  [World Health Organization]

 

Symbols

Al  Aluminium

As  arsenic

B  boron

B(OH4)-  borate

C  carbon

Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

 

Ca calcium

CaCl2 calcium chloride

CaCO3 calcium carbonate

Ca(NO3)2 calcium nitrate

Cd cadmium

Cl chlorine

Co cobalt

CO2 carbon dioxide

Cr chromium

Cu copper

CuFe2O4 cuprous ferrite

Cu(OH)02 copper hydroxide

CuSO4.5H2O copper sulphate

F fluorine

Fe iron

Fe(III) to Fe(II) reduction of ferric to ferrous ion

Fe(NO3)3.9H2O ferrous nitrate

Fe2O3.9H2O ferrihydrite

Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O vivianite

FeS iron sulphide

FeSO4 ferrous sulphate

HCl hydrochloric acid

HCO3- bicarbonate ion (hydrogen carbonate)

Hg mercury

H2O2 hydrogen peroxide

H2SO4 sufuric acid

I iodine

K potassium

KCl potassium chloride

KH2PO4 potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate

Mg magnesium

Mn manganese

Mn(II) manganous ion

Mn(IV) manganic ion

MnCO3 manganese carbonate

MnO2 manganese dioxide

MnOOH manganite

MnSO4 manganese sulphate

Mo molybdenum

N nitrogen

N2 nitrogen gas

Na sodium

Na2B4O7 Fertibor®

Na2B8O13.4H2O Solubor®

Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

 

Na2MoO4.2H2O sodium molybdate

NaOCl sodium hypochlorite

NaOH sodium hydroxide

NH3 ammonia

NH4+ ammonium

NH4HCO3 ammonium bicarbonate

NH4OAc ammonium acetate

(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O ammonium molybdate

Ni nickel

NO2- nitrite

NO3- nitrate

P phosphorus

Pb lead

P2O5 oxide of phosphorus

S sulphur

Se selenium

Si silicon

SO32- sulphite

SO42- sulphate

Zn zinc

ZnFe2O4 franklinite

ZnNH4PO4 zinc ammonium phosphate

Zn(OH)+ zinc hydroxide

ZnSO4 zinc sulphate

ZnSO4.7H2O zinc sulphate heptahydrate

 

Abbreviations

APP ammonium polyphosphate

BMP best management practice

CEC cation exchange capacity

cm centimetre

CRF controlled-release fertiliser

DAP diammonium phosphate

DM dry matter

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

DTPA diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid

EDDHA ethylenediamine di (ortho-hydroxyphenylaceticacid)

EDDHMA ethylenediamine (ortho-hydroxy-P-methylphenylacetic)acid

EDDH4MA ethylenediamine-bis (2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acetic acid

EDDHSA ethylenediamine di (2-hydroxy-5-sulphophenylacetate)

Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations

ผ่านทาง ifa-Micronutrients – Windows Live.

Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production,
Author(s): Bell, R.W.; Dell, B.
Publisher(s): IFA, Paris, France, December 2008

The publication can be downloaded from IFA’s web site.
IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production .
To obtain paper copies, contact IFA.

 

EDTA  ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid

h  hours

ha  hectare

HEDTA  hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid

IPNS  integrated plant nutrition systems

M  mole

mm  millimetre

μg  micro gram

μM  micro molar

na  not available

NADH  nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NPK  fertiliser containing N, P and K

PDDHA  propylenediamine-di (ortho-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

PS  phytosiderophore

PTE  potentially toxic element

RDA  recommended dietary allowance

R,D&E  research, development and extension

RNA  ribonucleic acid

RNI  recommended nutrient intake

ROS  reactive oxygen species

SOD  superoxide dismutase

t  metric tonne

TPN  total parenteral nutrition

UAN  urea ammonium nitrate

UV  ultra violet

VCR  value:cost ratio

YEB  youngest emerged blade

YFEL  youngest fully expanded leaf blade

YOL  youngest open leafyr year

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